MDCAT Physics Formula Sheet: Complete Free Guide for Pakistan Students
MDCAT Physics is the subject where many pre-medical students lose marks, not because they are weak, but because they do not revise formulas properly and do not know when to use each formula. This complete MDCAT Physics Formula Sheet is designed for Pakistan students who want a free, organized, and easy-to-revise physics resource.
This guide is specially written for students who cannot afford expensive academies. It gives chapter-wise formulas, units, concepts, common mistakes, quick tricks, and original MDCAT-style practice MCQs with explanations.
PreachBio Promise: Physics is not your enemy. If you understand units, formulas, graphs, and basic concepts, Physics can become a scoring subject in MDCAT.
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Official Note: Always verify the latest MDCAT syllabus and test pattern from PMDC and the relevant admitting university. This formula sheet is a preparation resource, not a replacement for the official syllabus.
Table of Contents
- How to Use This Formula Sheet
- Important Units and Constants
- Measurements and Errors
- Vectors
- Motion and Kinematics
- Force and Dynamics
- Work, Energy, and Power
- Circular Motion and Gravitation
- Fluids
- Waves and Sound
- Thermal Physics
- Electrostatics
- Current Electricity
- Magnetism and Induction
- Optics
- Modern and Nuclear Physics
- Practice MCQs
How to Use This MDCAT Physics Formula Sheet
Do not just memorize formulas blindly. Every formula has three parts: meaning, units, and condition. For example, v = u + at is used for uniformly accelerated motion. If acceleration is not constant, simple kinematics formulas may not apply directly.
Important Units and Constants for MDCAT Physics
| Quantity | Symbol | SI Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Mass | m | kilogram (kg) |
| Length / Distance | s, d, x | meter (m) |
| Time | t | second (s) |
| Velocity | v | m s-1 |
| Acceleration | a | m s-2 |
| Force | F | newton (N) |
| Work / Energy | W, E | joule (J) |
| Power | P | watt (W) |
| Pressure | P | pascal (Pa) |
| Charge | q | coulomb (C) |
| Current | I | ampere (A) |
| Potential Difference | V | volt (V) |
| Resistance | R | ohm (Ω) |
| Frequency | f | hertz (Hz) |
| Wavelength | λ | meter (m) |
Useful Constants
| Constant | Value | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Speed of light | c = 3.0 × 108 m/s | Optics, modern physics |
| Electron charge | e = 1.6 × 10-19 C | Current, atomic physics |
| Planck constant | h = 6.63 × 10-34 J s | Photons, quantum physics |
| Gravitational acceleration | g ≈ 9.8 m/s2 | Motion, weight, energy |
| Universal gravitational constant | G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2 | Gravitation |
Measurements and Errors Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Absolute error = measured value − true value | Difference from actual value | Error analysis |
| Fractional error = absolute error / measured value | Error compared with measured value | Precision questions |
| Percentage error = fractional error × 100 | Error in percent | Common MDCAT numerical |
| Least count = smallest measurable value | Instrument precision | Vernier, screw gauge |
Vectors Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| R = √(A² + B² + 2AB cosθ) | Resultant of two vectors with angle θ |
| R = √(A² + B²) | Resultant of perpendicular vectors |
| Ax = A cosθ | Horizontal component |
| Ay = A sinθ | Vertical component |
| tanθ = Ay / Ax | Direction of resultant |
| A · B = AB cosθ | Dot product |
| A × B = AB sinθ | Cross product magnitude |
Motion and Kinematics Formula Sheet
| Formula | Use |
|---|---|
| v = u + at | Final velocity after time t |
| s = ut + ½at² | Displacement under constant acceleration |
| v² = u² + 2as | When time is not given |
| s = [(u + v)/2]t | Displacement using average velocity |
| Average velocity = displacement / time | Vector quantity |
| Average speed = total distance / time | Scalar quantity |
Projectile Motion
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| T = 2u sinθ / g | Time of flight |
| H = u² sin²θ / 2g | Maximum height |
| R = u² sin2θ / g | Range of projectile |
| Rmax = u² / g | Maximum range at 45° |
Force and Dynamics Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| F = ma | Newton’s second law |
| W = mg | Weight of body |
| p = mv | Linear momentum |
| Impulse = Ft = Δp | Impulse-momentum relation |
| Friction = μR | Friction force |
| Torque = rF sinθ | Turning effect of force |
| m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ | Conservation of momentum |
Work, Energy, and Power Formula Sheet
| Formula | Use |
|---|---|
| W = Fs cosθ | Work done by force at angle θ |
| K.E. = ½mv² | Kinetic energy |
| P.E. = mgh | Gravitational potential energy near Earth |
| Power = Work / time | Rate of doing work |
| P = Fv | Power when force and velocity are along same direction |
| Efficiency = output/input × 100 | Efficiency percentage |
Circular Motion and Gravitation Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| v = rω | Linear and angular velocity |
| ac = v²/r = rω² | Centripetal acceleration |
| Fc = mv²/r | Centripetal force |
| ω = 2π/T | Angular velocity |
| f = 1/T | Frequency-time period relation |
| F = Gm₁m₂/r² | Newton’s law of gravitation |
| g = GM/r² | Gravitational field strength |
| vorbital = √(GM/r) | Orbital speed |
Fluids Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Density = ρ = m/V | Mass per unit volume |
| Pressure = P = F/A | Force per unit area |
| P = ρgh | Liquid pressure at depth h |
| Fb = ρVg | Buoyant force |
| A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ | Equation of continuity |
| P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant | Bernoulli equation |
Waves and Sound Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| v = fλ | Wave speed |
| T = 1/f | Time period-frequency relation |
| f = 1/T | Frequency |
| v = √(T/μ) | Speed of wave on string |
| I ∝ A² | Intensity proportional to square of amplitude |
| β = 10 log(I/I₀) | Sound level in decibels |
| f' = f[(v ± vo)/(v ∓ vs)] | Doppler effect |
Thermal Physics Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Q = mcΔT | Heat energy |
| Q = mL | Latent heat |
| ΔL = αLΔT | Linear expansion |
| ΔA = βAΔT | Area expansion |
| ΔV = γVΔT | Volume expansion |
| PV = nRT | Ideal gas equation |
| W = PΔV | Work done by gas at constant pressure |
| ΔU = Q − W | First law of thermodynamics |
| η = 1 − Tc/Th | Carnot efficiency |
Electrostatics Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| F = kq₁q₂/r² | Coulomb’s law |
| E = F/q | Electric field strength |
| E = kq/r² | Electric field due to point charge |
| V = W/q | Electric potential |
| V = kq/r | Potential due to point charge |
| C = Q/V | Capacitance |
| C = εA/d | Parallel plate capacitor |
| U = ½CV² = ½QV = Q²/2C | Energy stored in capacitor |
Current Electricity Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| I = Q/t | Electric current |
| V = IR | Ohm’s law |
| R = ρL/A | Resistance of wire |
| P = VI | Electric power |
| P = I²R | Power in resistor |
| P = V²/R | Power using voltage and resistance |
| E = Pt | Electrical energy |
| Rs = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ | Series resistance |
| 1/Rp = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ | Parallel resistance |
Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| F = BIL sinθ | Force on current-carrying conductor |
| F = qvB sinθ | Force on moving charge |
| Φ = BA cosθ | Magnetic flux |
| ε = −N ΔΦ/Δt | Faraday’s law |
| ε = BLv | Induced emf in moving conductor |
Optics Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| n = c/v | Refractive index |
| n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂ | Snell’s law |
| sin C = 1/n | Critical angle for denser to rarer medium |
| 1/f = 1/v + 1/u | Lens formula |
| m = image size/object size = v/u | Magnification |
| P = 1/f | Power of lens in diopter when f is in meters |
Modern and Nuclear Physics Formula Sheet
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| E = hf | Energy of photon |
| c = fλ | Wave relation for light |
| E = hc/λ | Photon energy using wavelength |
| λ = h/p | de Broglie wavelength |
| E = mc² | Mass-energy relation |
| N = N₀e-λt | Radioactive decay |
| T1/2 = 0.693/λ | Half-life relation |
| A = λN | Activity |
One-Page Rapid Physics Formula Revision
| Topic | Must-Remember Formulas |
|---|---|
| Kinematics | v = u + at, s = ut + ½at², v² = u² + 2as |
| Force | F = ma, W = mg, p = mv, Ft = Δp |
| Energy | W = Fs cosθ, KE = ½mv², PE = mgh, P = W/t |
| Circular Motion | a = v²/r, F = mv²/r, v = rω |
| Waves | v = fλ, T = 1/f |
| Heat | Q = mcΔT, Q = mL, PV = nRT |
| Electricity | I = Q/t, V = IR, P = VI |
| Optics | n = c/v, 1/f = 1/v + 1/u, P = 1/f |
| Modern Physics | E = hf, E = hc/λ, E = mc² |
How to Memorize Physics Formulas for MDCAT
- Write each formula with units.
- Write one line explaining when to use it.
- Solve 5 MCQs from the same formula.
- Revise formulas after 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days.
- Make a wrong formula notebook.
Do not memorize formulas without units. In MDCAT Physics, units often help you eliminate wrong options quickly.
Most Common Physics Mistakes in MDCAT
- Using cm instead of m in SI units.
- Forgetting square or square root in formulas.
- Confusing speed and velocity.
- Using mass where weight is required.
- Forgetting direction in vector questions.
- Applying kinematics formulas when acceleration is not constant.
- Using lens focal length in centimeters for power formula.
- Forgetting that electric field and force are vectors.
- Confusing series and parallel resistance formulas.
- Not checking units before final answer.
MDCAT Physics Formula Revision Timetable
| Day | Topic | Task |
|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Units, vectors, kinematics | Revise formulas + 60 MCQs |
| Day 2 | Dynamics, work, energy, power | Formula practice + 60 MCQs |
| Day 3 | Circular motion, gravitation, fluids | Concept revision + numericals |
| Day 4 | Waves and thermal physics | Graph and formula-based MCQs |
| Day 5 | Electrostatics and current electricity | Circuit practice + formula revision |
| Day 6 | Magnetism, induction, optics | Mixed formula MCQs |
| Day 7 | Modern and nuclear physics | Full Physics test + wrong MCQ notebook |
Original MDCAT Physics Formula MCQs with Answers
These MCQs are original practice questions made for learning. They are not copied from any official paper.
1. A body starts from rest with acceleration 2 m/s². Its velocity after 5 s is:
A. 5 m/s
B. 7 m/s
C. 10 m/s
D. 20 m/s
Answer: C. 10 m/s
Explanation: v = u + at = 0 + 2 × 5 = 10 m/s.
2. The SI unit of force is:
A. Joule
B. Newton
C. Watt
D. Pascal
Answer: B. Newton
Explanation: Force is measured in newtons.
3. Work done is zero when angle between force and displacement is:
A. 0°
B. 30°
C. 60°
D. 90°
Answer: D. 90°
Explanation: W = Fs cosθ. At 90°, cos90° = 0.
4. The kinetic energy of a 2 kg body moving at 4 m/s is:
A. 8 J
B. 12 J
C. 16 J
D. 32 J
Answer: C. 16 J
Explanation: KE = ½mv² = ½ × 2 × 4² = 16 J.
5. If frequency is doubled and wave speed remains constant, wavelength becomes:
A. Double
B. Half
C. Four times
D. Unchanged
Answer: B. Half
Explanation: v = fλ. If v is constant and f doubles, λ becomes half.
6. Ohm’s law is:
A. P = VI
B. V = IR
C. Q = mcΔT
D. F = ma
Answer: B. V = IR
Explanation: Ohm’s law relates voltage, current, and resistance.
7. The power consumed by a 10 Ω resistor carrying 2 A current is:
A. 10 W
B. 20 W
C. 40 W
D. 80 W
Answer: C. 40 W
Explanation: P = I²R = 2² × 10 = 40 W.
8. The refractive index formula is:
A. n = v/c
B. n = c/v
C. n = fλ
D. n = mgh
Answer: B. n = c/v
Explanation: Refractive index equals speed of light in vacuum divided by speed in medium.
9. A lens has focal length 0.5 m. Its power is:
A. 0.5 D
B. 1 D
C. 2 D
D. 5 D
Answer: C. 2 D
Explanation: P = 1/f = 1/0.5 = 2 diopters.
10. Photon energy is given by:
A. E = hf
B. E = mgh
C. E = ½mv²
D. E = IR
Answer: A. E = hf
Explanation: Photon energy is proportional to frequency.
11. If time period is 0.2 s, frequency is:
A. 0.2 Hz
B. 2 Hz
C. 5 Hz
D. 10 Hz
Answer: C. 5 Hz
Explanation: f = 1/T = 1/0.2 = 5 Hz.
12. Unit of pressure is:
A. N
B. Pa
C. J
D. W
Answer: B. Pa
Explanation: Pressure is force per unit area and is measured in pascal.
13. Momentum is calculated by:
A. p = mv
B. p = ma
C. p = mgh
D. p = IR
Answer: A. p = mv
Explanation: Momentum is mass times velocity.
14. The formula for electric current is:
A. I = V/R only
B. I = Q/t
C. I = Pt
D. I = F/A
Answer: B. I = Q/t
Explanation: Current is rate of flow of charge.
15. The energy stored in a capacitor can be:
A. ½CV²
B. CV only
C. IR²
D. mg
Answer: A. ½CV²
Explanation: Capacitor energy is U = ½CV².
16. A body of mass 5 kg has weight approximately:
A. 5 N
B. 9.8 N
C. 49 N
D. 98 N
Answer: C. 49 N
Explanation: W = mg = 5 × 9.8 = 49 N.
17. For a body moving in a circle, centripetal acceleration is:
A. v/r
B. vr
C. v²/r
D. r/v²
Answer: C. v²/r
Explanation: ac = v²/r.
18. Unit of capacitance is:
A. Coulomb
B. Farad
C. Tesla
D. Weber
Answer: B. Farad
Explanation: Capacitance is measured in farads.
19. First law of thermodynamics is:
A. ΔU = Q − W
B. F = ma
C. V = IR
D. E = hf
Answer: A. ΔU = Q − W
Explanation: Change in internal energy equals heat supplied minus work done by system.
20. The de Broglie wavelength is:
A. λ = h/p
B. λ = p/h
C. λ = hf
D. λ = mc²
Answer: A. λ = h/p
Explanation: Matter wavelength is inversely proportional to momentum.
Final Advice for MDCAT Physics
Physics becomes easy when you stop fearing formulas and start understanding them. Every formula is a shortcut to a concept. Your job is to know what each symbol means, which units to use, and when the formula applies.
Remember: Formula + units + concept + MCQ practice = MDCAT Physics improvement.
FAQs About MDCAT Physics Formula Sheet
Is this formula sheet enough for MDCAT Physics?
This formula sheet is a strong revision resource, but students should also study concepts from textbooks, solve MCQs, and follow the official syllabus.
How many Physics MCQs should I solve daily?
At the start, solve 30–50 Physics MCQs daily. Near the exam, solve timed mixed Physics tests and review mistakes carefully.
How can I improve Physics numericals for MDCAT?
Revise formulas with units, solve simple examples first, then practice MCQs under time pressure. Keep a wrong formula notebook.
What is the biggest mistake in MDCAT Physics?
The biggest mistake is memorizing formulas without understanding units and conditions.
Should I memorize all formulas?
You should memorize important formulas, but with meaning, units, and application. Blind memorization is weak preparation.
References and Official Sources
- PMDC Official Syllabus Page
- University of Health Sciences Lahore Official Website
- NUMS Official Website
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