Diversity Of Vascular Plants


Course outline Notes

A)Pteridophytes


Bot-504: Diversity of Vascular Plants

🌿 Bot-504: Diversity of Vascular Plants 🌿

📘 Pteridophytes

Introduction, origin, history, features, and a generalized life cycle.

Fossilization: Methods, types of fossils, geological time scale, importance of paleobotany.

First vascular plant: Rhyniophyta e.g., Cooksonia

  • Psilopsida (Psilotum)
  • Lycopsida (Lycopodium, Selaginella)
  • Sphenopsida (Equisetum)
  • Pteropsida (Ophioglossum, Dryopteris, Azolla/Marsilea)
🌲 Gymnosperms

Origin and Evolution of seed habit.

Geological history, origin, distribution, morphology, anatomy, classification, and affinities of:

  • Cycadofillicales
  • Bennettitales
  • Ginkgoales
  • Cycadales
  • Gnetales

Distribution of gymnosperms in Pakistan and economic importance.

Introduction to Gondwana flora of world.

🌸 Angiosperms

Origin, general characteristics, importance, and life cycle of angiosperms.

🔬 Palynology
  • Introduction to Neopalynology and Paleopalynology; applications in botany, geology, archaeology, criminology, medicine, honey and oil & gas exploration.
  • Nomenclature, morphology, and classification of living and fossil pollen and spores.
🧪 Lab Outline
  • Study morphological and reproductive features of available genera.
  • Field trips across Pakistan for collection and identification of pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
  • Study of pollen morphology.
📚 Recommended Books
  • Beck, C. B. 1992. Origin and Evolution of Gymnosperms. Vol-1&II, Columbia University Press.
  • Foster, A. S. and Gifford, E. M. Jr. 1998. Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants. W. H. Freeman and Co.
  • Jones, D. 1983. Cycadales of the World, Washington, DC.
  • Mauseth, J. D. 1998. An Introduction to Plant Biology, Jones and Bartlett Pub. UK.
  • Moore, R. C., Clarke, W. D., Vodopich, D. S. 1998. Botany, McGraw-Hill.
  • Raven, P. H., Evert, R. E., Eichhorn, S. E. 1999. Biology of Plants, W. H. Freeman.
  • Ray, P. M., Steeves, T. A., Fultz, T. A. 1998. Botany, Saunders College Publishing.
  • Taylor, T. N., Taylor, E. D. 2000. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, Prentice Hall.
  • Stewart, W. N., Rothwell, G. W. 1993. Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants, University Press, Cambridge.
  • Faegri, K., Kaland, P. E., Krzywinski, K. 1989. Text Book of Pollen Analysis, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Vashishta, B. R., Sinha, A. K., Kumar, A. 2010. Pterodophyta & Gymnosperms, S. Chand & Co.
  • Panday, B. P. 2006. College Botany Vol 1 & II, S. Chand & Co.
📰 Journals / Periodicals
  • Pakistan Journal of Botany
  • New Phytologist
  • Review of Palaeobotany & Palynology
  • Palaeontographica
  • Palaeobotanist
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