Unveiling the Mysteries of Life: A Journey through Physiology, Excretion, and Metabolism

Unveiling the Mysteries of Life: A Journey through Physiology, Excretion, and Metabolism

1. Q61. Plants excrete:

Answer: (D) All of these

Explanation: Plants excrete excess water through guttation (option A), excess oxygen during photosynthesis (option B), and excess carbon dioxide during respiration (option C).

Q62. Which of the following has maximum toxicity?

Answer: (C) Uric Acid

Explanation: Options:

(A) Ammonia

(B) Urea

(C) Uric Acid

(D) Creatinine

Uric acid has the maximum toxicity among the given options.

Q63. Which of the following has medium toxicity?

Answer: (B) Urea

Explanation: Options:

(A) Ammonia

(B) Urea

(C) Uric Acid

(D) Water

Urea has medium toxicity compared to ammonia (high toxicity) and uric acid (maximum toxicity).

Q64. Which of the following has least toxicity?

Answer: (B) Urea

Explanation: Options:

(A) Ammonia

(B) Urea

(C) Uric Acid

(D) All are highly toxic

Urea has relatively lower toxicity compared to ammonia and uric acid.

Q65. Guttation takes place through?

Answer: (D) Hydathodes

Explanation: Options:

(A) Stomata

(B) Injured tissues

(C) Lenticels

(D) Hydathodes

Guttation occurs through specialized structures called hydathodes.

Q66. The excretory organs of Planaria are known as?

Answer: (A) Protonephridia

Explanation: Options:

(A) Protonephridia

(B) Flame cells

(C) Both (A) and (B)

(D) Metanephridia

The excretory organs of Planaria are protonephridia.

Q67. Tubular excretory systems of the earthworm consist of?

Answer: (C) Malpighian tubules

Explanation: Options:

(A) Protonephridia

(B) Coxal gland

(C) Malpighian tubules

(D) Metanephridia

Earthworms have tubular excretory systems called Malpighian tubules.

Q68. The internal opening of the metanephridium is known as:

Answer: (A) Nephrostoms

Explanation: Options:

(A) Nephrostoms

(B) Nephiridioore

(C) Excretory pore

(D) All of these

The internal openings of metanephridia are called nephrostomes.

Q69. Liver synthesizes:

Answer: (D) All of these

Explanation: Options:

(A) Non-essential amino acids

(B) Plasma proteins

(C) Cholesterol

(D) All of these

The liver synthesizes non-essential amino acids, plasma proteins, and cholesterol.

Q70. In humans, excess nitrogen is eliminated from the body by mainly converting it to:

Answer: (A) Urea

Explanation: Options:

(A) Urea

(B) Uric Acid

(C) Ammonia

(D) Amine phosphate

Excess nitrogen in humans is eliminated by converting it to urea, which is excreted by the kidneys.

Q71. The liver is:

a. Smallest internal organ

b. Medium-sized internal organ

c. Body’s largest internal organ

d. All options are incorrect

Answer: (c) Body’s largest internal organ

Explanation: The liver is the body's largest internal organ, involved in various metabolic functions.

Q72. The three major body fuels managed by the liver are:

a. Protein, vitamins, and minerals

b. Carbohydrates, fat, and protein

c. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose

d. Glucose, iron, and protein

Answer: (b) Carbohydrates, fat, and protein

Explanation: The liver plays a crucial role in managing carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolism.

Q73. Pigment found in bile is formed during catabolism:

a. Haem catabolism

b. Globin catabolism

c. Cholesterol catabolism

d. Both A and C

Answer: (d) Both A and C

Explanation: The pigments found in bile are formed during the catabolism of both haem (A) and cholesterol (C).

Q74. The nephron is:

a. The site of urine storage

b. The function unit of the kidney

c. The site where ADH is produced

d. Also called the ‘Bowman’s capsule’

Answer: (b) The function unit of the kidney

Explanation: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for the filtration and formation of urine.

Q75. From the distal convoluted tubules, filtrate will be carried to the:

a. Renal corpuscles

b. Collecting duct

c. Nephron loop

d. Proximal convoluted tubules

Answer: (b) Collecting duct

Explanation: From the distal convoluted tubules, the filtrate is carried to the collecting duct in the kidney.

Q76. All of the following are normally found in urine except:

a. Sodium ions

b. Uric acid

c. Creatinine

d. Glucose

Answer: (d) Glucose

Explanation: Glucose is normally reabsorbed in the renal tubules and should not be found in urine under normal circumstances.

Q77. Hormone that regulates the transfer of sodium from the nephron to blood:

a. Parathormone

b. Anti-diuretic

c. Aldosterone

d. Vasopressin

Answer: (c) Aldosterone

Explanation: Aldosterone regulates the reabsorption of sodium in the nephron, affecting blood sodium levels.

Q78. Conversion of ammonia into urea occurs in:

a. Kidney

b. Lungs

c. Intestine

Answer: (a) Liver

Explanation: The conversion of ammonia into urea primarily occurs in the liver, not the kidney.

Q79. Liver Separation of amino acid into amino and carboxyl group is known as:

a. Amination

b. Excretion

c. Delamination

d. Election

Answer: (a) Amination

Explanation: The separation of amino acids into amino and carboxyl groups is known as amination.

Q80. Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous waste material in the excretory system of:

a. Reptiles

b. Birds

c. Insects

Answer: (b) Birds

Explanation: Birds excrete uric acid as their chief nitrogenous waste material.

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