Which of the following statements is true about ion exchange chromatography? a) It separates molecules based on their size b) It separates molecules based on their charge c) It separates molecules based on their hydrophobicity d) It separates molecules based on their affinity for the stationary phase Answer: b) It separates molecules based on their charge.
Which ion exchange chromatography mode retains positively charged ions? a) Anion exchange chromatography b) Cation exchange chromatography c) Reverse phase chromatography d) Size exclusion chromatography Answer: b) Cation exchange chromatography
What type of functional groups are commonly used in ion exchange chromatography resins? a) Hydroxyl groups b) Carboxyl groups c) Amino groups d) Sulfhydryl groups Answer: c) Amino groups
Which of the following is NOT a common application of ion exchange chromatography? a) Purification of proteins b) Separation of nucleic acids c) Analysis of small molecules d) Separation of enantiomers Answer: d) Separation of enantiomers.
In ion exchange chromatography, what parameter primarily determines the elution order of analytes? a) Size b) Charge c) Hydrophobicity d) Molecular weight Answer: b) Charge
What is the stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography typically composed of? a) A hydrophobic polymer b) A polar silica gel c) Resins containing charged functional groups d) Glass beads Answer: c) Resins containing charged functional groups
In which type of ion exchange chromatography are negatively charged ions retained? a) Anion exchange chromatography b) Cation exchange chromatography c) Hydrophobic interaction chromatography d) Affinity chromatography Answer: a) Anion exchange chromatography.
What is the eluent used in ion exchange chromatography? a) Water b) Buffer solution c) Organic solvent d) Acidic solution Answer: b) Buffer solution
What effect does increasing the concentration of salt in the eluent have on ion exchange chromatography? a) Decreases resolution b) Increases resolution c) Doesn't affect resolution d) Decreases retention time Answer: b) Increases resolution
Which of the following techniques can be used to regenerate ion exchange chromatography columns? a) Reverse flow b) Eluting with a strong acid or base c) Washing with organic solvents d) Heating the column Answer: b) Eluting with a strong acid or base
What is the main principle behind ion exchange chromatography? a) Separation based on molecular weight b) Separation based on charge differences c) Separation based on hydrophobicity d) Separation based on affinity Answer: b) Separation based on charge differences.
Which parameter can be adjusted to control the selectivity of ion exchange chromatography? a) pH of the eluent b) Flow rate c) Temperature d) Column length Answer: a) pH of the eluent
What happens to the analyte during the elution step in ion exchange chromatography? a) It gets bound to the stationary phase b) It gets washed away with the eluent c) It gets exchanged with counter ions in the eluent d) It remains unaffected Answer: c) It gets exchanged with counter ions in the eluent
What is the purpose of conditioning the ion exchange chromatography column before use? a) To remove impurities b) To stabilize the stationary phase c) To equilibrate the column with the eluent d) To adjust the pH of the eluent Answer: c) To equilibrate the column with the eluent.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of ion exchange chromatography? a) Low resolution b) High cost c) Limited sample capacity d) Long analysis time Answer: c) Limited sample capacity
Which of the following is true regarding the mobile phase in ion exchange chromatography? a) It contains the analyte b) It is immobile c) It is the same as the stationary phase d) It carries the analyte through the column Answer: d) It carries the analyte through the column
Which of the following is NOT a type of ion exchange chromatography? a) Gel filtration chromatography b) Ion pair chromatography c) Affinity chromatography d) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Answer: a) Gel filtration chromatography,
Which of the following is a characteristic of weak ion exchange chromatography resins? a) They can bind ions across a wide pH range b) They have high capacity but low selectivity c) They are suitable for rapid separations d) They require harsh elution conditions Answer: a) They can bind ions across a wide pH range
What is the function of the counter ions in ion exchange chromatography? a) To neutralize the charge of the stationary phase b) To facilitate the binding of analytes to the stationary phase c) To balance the charge of the eluent d) To stabilize the mobile phase Answer: b) To facilitate the binding of analytes to the stationary phase
Which of the following techniques is often used to monitor the elution of analytes in ion exchange chromatography? a) UV-visible spectroscopy b) Mass spectrometry c) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) d) Infrared spectroscopy Answer: a) UV-visible spectroscopy
What is the term used to describe the process of removing the analyte from the stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography? a) Elution b) Adsorption c) Desorption d) Retention Answer: c) Desorption...
What is the role of the resin beads in ion exchange chromatography columns? a) They provide structural support b) They act as the stationary phase c) They enhance the resolution of separation d) They facilitate the flow of eluent Answer: b) They act as the stationary phase
What is the primary factor that determines the binding affinity of an analyte to the stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography? a) Molecular weight b) Hydrophobicity c) Charge d) Solubility Answer: c) Charge
Which of the following is NOT a component of the eluent used in ion exchange chromatography? a) Salt b) Buffer c) Organic solvent d) Surfactant Answer: d) Surfactant
Which type of ion exchange chromatography is more commonly used for protein purification? a) Cation exchange chromatography b) Anion exchange chromatography c) Hydrophobic interaction chromatography d) Affinity chromatography Answer: a) Cation exchange chromatography
What is the function of the guard column in ion exchange chromatography? a) To remove impurities from the sample b) To protect the analytical column from contamination c) To increase the resolution of separation d) To adjust the pH of the eluent Answer: b) To protect the analytical column from contamination.
Which of the following is a common problem encountered in ion exchange chromatography? a) Peak broadening b) Low sensitivity c) Non-specific binding d) High cost Answer: a) Peak broadening
What is the role of the eluent flow rate in ion exchange chromatography? a) It determines the capacity of the column b) It controls the rate of elution c) It affects the selectivity of separation d) It determines the pH of the eluent Answer: b) It controls the rate of elution
What is the term used to describe the process of loading the sample onto the ion exchange chromatography column? a) Equilibration b) Conditioning c) Injection d) Elution Answer: c) Injection.
Which of the following factors can affect the resolution of ion exchange chromatography? a) Column diameter b) Flow rate c) Particle size of the stationary phase d) pH of the eluent Answer: c) Particle size of the stationary phase
Answer: b) It separates molecules based on their charge Explanation: Ion exchange chromatography separates molecules based on their charge interactions with the stationary phase. Positively charged molecules are attracted to negatively charged stationary phase, and vice versa.
Answer: b) Cation exchange chromatography Explanation: Cation exchange chromatography retains positively charged ions, hence separating molecules based on their positive charges.
Answer: c) Amino groups Explanation: Amino groups are commonly used as functional groups in ion exchange chromatography resins, providing charged sites for ion exchange.
Answer: d) Separation of enantiomers Explanation: Ion exchange chromatography is not typically used for separating enantiomers. It is commonly used for purifying proteins, separating nucleic acids, and analyzing small molecules.
Answer: b) Charge Explanation: The primary determinant of elution order in ion exchange chromatography is the charge of the analytes, as they interact differently with the charged stationary phase.
Answer: c) Resins containing charged functional groups Explanation: The stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography typically consists of resins containing charged functional groups, such as amino or carboxyl groups.
Answer: a) Anion exchange chromatography Explanation: Anion exchange chromatography retains negatively charged ions while allowing other ions to pass through.
Answer: b) Buffer solution Explanation: The eluent used in ion exchange chromatography is typically a buffered solution, which helps maintain a constant pH and ion strength during separation.
Answer: b) Increases resolution Explanation: Increasing the concentration of salt in the eluent can increase resolution by enhancing the differences in ion exchange between analytes.
Answer: b) Eluting with a strong acid or base Explanation: Regenerating ion exchange chromatography columns often involves eluting the bound analytes using a strong acid or base to disrupt the ion-exchange interactions.
Answer: b) Separation based on charge differences Explanation: Ion exchange chromatography separates molecules based on their charge interactions with the stationary phase, exploiting differences in charge to achieve separation.
Answer: a) pH of the eluent Explanation: Adjusting the pH of the eluent can control the selectivity of ion exchange chromatography by influencing the charge states of the analytes and the stationary phase.
Answer: c) It gets exchanged with counter ions in the eluent Explanation: During elution, the analyte ions get exchanged with counter ions present in the eluent, allowing them to be released from the stationary phase.
Answer: c) To equilibrate the column with the eluent Explanation: Conditioning the ion exchange chromatography column before use helps to equilibrate it with the eluent, ensuring consistent separation performance.
Answer: c) Limited sample capacity Explanation: One disadvantage of ion exchange chromatography is its limited sample capacity compared to other chromatographic techniques.
Answer: d) It carries the analyte through the column Explanation: The mobile phase in ion exchange chromatography carries the analytes through the column, facilitating their separation based on charge interactions with the stationary phase.
Answer: a) Gel filtration chromatography Explanation: Gel filtration chromatography is not a type of ion exchange chromatography; it separates molecules based on their size rather than their charge.
Answer: a) They can bind ions across a wide pH range Explanation: Weak ion exchange chromatography resins can bind ions across a wide pH range due to their moderate ion exchange capacity.
Answer: b) To facilitate the binding of analytes to the stationary phase Explanation: Counter ions present in the eluent facilitate the binding of analytes to the charged sites on the stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography.
Answer: a) UV-visible spectroscopy Explanation: UV-visible spectroscopy is often used to monitor the elution of analytes in ion exchange chromatography based on their absorbance properties.
Answer: c) Desorption Explanation: Desorption is the process of removing the analyte from the stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography during elution.
Answer: b) They act as the stationary phase Explanation: The resin beads in ion exchange chromatography columns serve as the stationary phase, providing charged sites for ion exchange interactions.
Answer: c) Charge Explanation: The primary factor determining the binding affinity of an analyte to the stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography is the charge.
Answer: d) Surfactant Explanation: Surfactants are typically not components of the eluent used in ion exchange chromatography; the eluent typically consists of salt and buffer solutions.
Answer: a) Cation exchange chromatography Explanation: Cation exchange chromatography is more commonly used for protein purification, as proteins often have positively charged groups that interact with the negatively charged stationary phase.
Answer: b) To protect the analytical column from contamination Explanation: The guard column in ion exchange chromatography protects the analytical column from contamination, extending its lifespan.
Answer: a) Peak broadening Explanation: Peak broadening is a common problem encountered in ion exchange chromatography, leading to reduced resolution and compromised separation efficiency.
Answer: b) It controls the rate of elution Explanation: The eluent flow rate in ion exchange chromatography controls the rate at which analytes are eluted from the column, influencing the separation efficiency.
Answer: c) Injection Explanation: Injection is the process of loading the sample onto the ion exchange chromatography column for separation.
Answer: c) Particle size of the stationary phase Explanation: The particle size of the stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography can affect the resolution of separation, with smaller particles typically leading to higher resolution
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